Title: On the feasibility of MISR cloud-motion wind retrievals
Author: Horvath, Akos
Abstract: The feasibility of deriving cloud motion vectors from data to be obtained by the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is demonstrated. It is shown that from a triplet of near-simultaneous multi-angle imagery cloud motion and height can be separated. The
expected errors in the calculated cloud top height and cloud velocity are approximately 300 m and 3 rn/s, respectively, with the cross-track velocities being more accurate than the along-track ones. The possibility of determining the speeds of individual layers in a 2-layer configuration is also illustrated. The necessary conditions for separating cloud height and motion and the optimal choice of wind retrieval cameras are discussed. A 3-D ray intersection algorithm is derived to simultaneously compute cloud top height and speed. The algorithm is tested on simulated clear-sky and cloudy datasets. Possible applications of MISR winds include studies of large-scale average wind patterns
or synoptic-scale phenomenon, and numerical weather prediction.
On the feasibility of MISR cloud-motion wind retrievals
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Sea breeze winds in Saudi Arabian coastal regions
Title: Sea breeze winds in Saudi Arabian coastal regions
Author: Alamodi, Ahmad Osman
Abstract: Hodographs of resultant surface winds are presented for 6-hour intervals (0300, 0900,1500, and 2100 LST) for the three-year period (1980-1982) at stations on the Saudi Arabian coast. Strong diurnal wind variations are observed at all stations. The end point of the resultant wind vector usually turns clockwise. In some locations, they show anti-clockwise rotation during part of the day. Departures of these resultant winds from the average
of all 4 resultant winds show downslope and offshore flow of winds during the night and part of the daytime, and strong onshore and upslope flow of winds at 1500 LST.
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Validation and adjustment of precipitation simulated by CCM2/BATS over the continental United States
Title: Validation and adjustment of precipitation simulated by CCM2/BATS over the continental United States
Author: Chen, Mingxuan
Abstract: This study compares frequency, intensity and amount of precipitation simulated by NCAR CCM2/BATS with those observed over the continental United States. The emphasis is placed on both spatial and temporal variations. The analysis indicates that: a) The model simulates the seasonal variation of daily intensity reasonably well, while the seasonal variation of frequency is poorly produced. b) The model underestimates the amplitude of intensity, overestimates the amplitude of frequency, and distorts the distribution of phase in diurnal variations. c) The simulated
maximum hourly precipitation has almost the same range as is observed. However, the model fails to simulate the overall pattern of maximum hourly precipitation, maximum wet and dry periods from observations. d) The model overestimates the frequency of hourly precipitation by a factor of 13-48 and underestimates intensity by about 90%. These results demonstrate a necessity to adjust simulated precipitation for realistic
surface simulation. After adjustment, the simulated intensity is in much closer agreement to the observed value.
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A 3-dimensional structural analysis of diploid chromosomes
Title: A 3-dimensional structural analysis of diploid chromosomes
Author: Gunawardena, Shermali Dione Shiranthini Harina
Abstract: In this study, we are looking at the 3-dimensional chromosome structure of interphase diploid nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster. The goal is to determine the higher order structure of interphase chromosomes in these nuclei. Higher order structures include those structures larger than the 30nm fiber. Over the years, several general models for higher order chromosome structures have been presented. We look at three popular models for the organization of chromatin during embryogenesis, as each of these models make predictions that can be tested using high resolution in situ hybridization and image processing techniques. For this study we are using
the Notch gene for in situ hybridization to embryos in cycles 10-14.Our preliminary results are inconsistent with the radial loop model. It appears that the chromatin might be arranged in folds of 30 and 10nm fibers. We also observe a difference in chromatin structure as the embryo gets older. As the Notch gene is being transcribed during cycle 14 we observe a puffing event. In this study we hope to expand on these observations and present further areas that need to be explored in order to conclusively distinguish these phenomena during early embryogenesis.
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History of Cataract Surgery: From Prehistoric to Modern Times.
Title: History of Cataract Surgery: From Prehistoric to Modern Times.
Author: Kabbara, Sami
Description: A paper submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, History of Medicine course.
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Relation of hydrograph parameters to basin characteristics at Alamogordo Creek, New Mexico and Walnut Gulch, Arizona
Title: Relation of hydrograph parameters to basin characteristics at Alamogordo Creek, New Mexico and Walnut Gulch, Arizona
Author: Frevert, Donald K.
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Information needs, as perceived by parents, regarding symptom management of their adolescent following a kidney transplant
Information needs, as perceived by parents, regarding symptom management of their adolescent following a kidney transplant
Bergman, Judy Holcomb
The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived information needs of parents and the processes they used to obtain information to manage the care of their child or adolescent following a kidney transplant. The sample consisted of three mothers who were the primary caregivers of their adolescent who had undergone a kidney transplant within the last year. Descriptions of parents' perceived information deficits and the processes used to manage their adolescents' care were generated from the data using a grounded theory approach. Sharing the Challenge was identified as the emerging core category. Sharing the Challenge represented the processes by which mothers, transplant recipients, and the health care team supported their shared goal of optimizing the health status of the transplant recipient. The descriptions of Sharing the Challenge and the related supporting subcategories provide a framework for understanding the processes by which mothers and transplant recipients fulfill caregiving responsibilities following a kidney transplant.
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Hypoxic/aglycemic stress alters blood-brain barrier transport systems
Hypoxic/aglycemic stress alters blood-brain barrier transport systems
Hom, Sharon
Increased cerebrovascular permeability is an important factor responsible for the development of ischemic brain injury and edema formation associated with stroke pathophysiology. Extensive studies of stroke research have centered primarily on the response of neurons and astrocytes to hypoxic or ischemic insult. The response of cerebral capillary endothelial cells to hypoxia is not well understood. Damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) induced by hypoxia/ aglycemia may influence BBB permeability and transport mechanisms, thereby contributing to the development and severity of stroke. The development of a low flow in situ brain perfusion model was used in this study to illustrate the effect of ischemia/hypoperfusion coupled with hypoxia and aglycemia on BBB transport mechanisms. Three transport markers were used in various combinations of low flow, hypoxia, and aglycemia to characterize BBB transport mechanisms. The results of this study suggest BBB basal permeability is not com promised during low flow perfusion, however in the presence of hypoxia/ aglycemia, a significant change in BBB permeability is observed among the three transport markers. Thus, the effects of ischemia as produced by low flow, hypoxia, and aglycemia alter BBB permeability due to the probable impaired action of many transport systems under these adverse conditions.
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Precipitable water vapor from ground based GPS observations over Southwestern North American: Summer 2002 and 2003
Precipitable water vapor from ground based GPS observations over Southwestern North American: Summer 2002 and 2003
Minjarez Sosa, Carlos Manuel
For the first time in North American monsoon related research, ground-based GPS measurements have been used. Two years (2002 and 2003) of precipitable water vapor data estimated for the region of southern Arizona and northern Sonora were studied. Through an examination of PWV differences we found retrievals are approximately lO" = 1.9 mm as good as those calculated by the radiosonde and approximately 3 mm for GOES. Based on the GPS-PWV time series behavior we propose a new definition of the monsoon onset as an alternative to the one used by the NWS. With this definition and thanks to the high GPS time resolution we can contribute to the monsoon onset moisture source discussion since, as shown in Chapter 3, differences of about 1 hour were detected between Douglas and Tucson AZ sites. Using GPS-ET A comparisons we estimated the ETA analysis errors for the Arizona and Sonora GPS sites. The difference Standard deviations obtained for the Sonora sites are up to 1.65 mm greater than those obtained for the Arizona sites, in part as a result of the lack of upper air measurements in Sonora. In the future, these results can help in estimating the impact of errors in the analyses in Sonora on the weather forecasts in Arizona. Furthermore, on a much smaller, local scale, it is shown that the GPS can detect convective activity near the GPS surface site, a strength unknown before this study. We conclude with a perspective on future uses of this technique for the monsoon region of Arizona and Sonora.
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Pioneers of Radiology and Safety.
Pioneers of Radiology and Safety.
McQuilkin, Michelle
History of Radiology: Compared to counterparts in medicine, radiology is one of the youngest specialties X-ray was founded a little over 120 years ago Since then, there have been many advances in both diagnostic and interventional radiology and the safety measures for us and our patients
A paper submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, History of Medicine course.
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History of Anesthesiology
History of Anesthesiology
SToker, Alexander
A paper submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, History of Medicine course.
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The effect of second hand cigarette smoke exposure on the rodent alveolar type IIB sodium-phosphate cotransporter
The effect of second hand cigarette smoke exposure on the rodent alveolar type IIB sodium-phosphate cotransporter
Drees, Jason Bernard
The sodium-phosphate (NaPi) type IIb cotransporter protein is expressed on the apical membrane of type II alveolar cells in the lung and is likely involved in surfactant synthesis. Several studies have demonstrated an inhibition of surfactant secretion in the lung after cigarette smoke exposure. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that second-hand cigarette smoke (SSCS) exposure decreases NaPi-IIb cotransporter
expression in the mouse lung. We exposed mice to SSCS for 14 days using a nose-only exposure column connected to a vacuum. Cotinine levels in the urine were assayed (7.75 fold greater level in smoke group). We developed polyclonal antibodies against the N-terminus of the NaPi-IIb peptide. Northern and Western blots were performed with the animals' lung tissue. We observed ~60% reduction in NaPi-IIb mRNA expression and ~20% reduction in NaPi-IIb protein expression in mice. We concluded that SSCS
exposure reduced the expression of the NaPi-IIb cotransporter.
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The relationship between a pregnant adolescent's self-esteem and her perceived communication with her father or father-figure
The relationship between a pregnant adolescent's self-esteem and her perceived communication with her father or father-figure
Hamilton, Jan D.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a pregnant
adolescent's self-esteem and her perceived communication with her father or father-figure.
The specific population used for the study was pregnant female adolescents aged
14-17 enrolled in a Teenage Parenting Program (TAPP). The Harter Adolescent Self-Perception
Profile and The Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale were administered
to a convenience sample (N = 25) and the collected data were analyzed using a
descriptive research design.
The sample studied was predominantly Hispanic in ethnicity and of low
socioeconomic status. Global self-worth mean scores were in the high range and
perceived communication with father mean scores were in the average range for the
participants. Higher than norm scores for physical appearance were found which
correlated highly (r = . 751) with global self-esteem. One relationship of significance was
found between the self-esteem domain of Behavioral Conduct and perceived
communication with father or father-figure.
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Professional nursing practice in medical-surgical and intensive care units : changes after implementation of an innovative practice model
Professional nursing practice in medical-surgical and intensive care units : changes after implementation of an innovative practice model
Duff, Isabel
The purpose of this study was to describe the
differences in professional practice variables and work
satisfaction among medical-surgical (MS) Registered Nurses (RNs) and intensive care unit (ICU) RNs before and after
implementation of an innovative nursing practice model. A
two-group, cross-sectional descriptive design with a sample
of 166 RNs at baseline, and 143 RNs post-baseline was
utilized. Secondary analysis of self-report data gathered
for the Differentiated Group Professional Practice project
was conducted. ICU RNs evidenced significantly higher
levels of autonomy than MS subjects only at baseline. After
implementation, MS RNs reported significantly higher levels
of satisfaction within organizational commitment, control
over nursing practice, group cohesion, total work
satisfaction, and in pay, nurse interaction and
organizational policy. ICU RN means decreased in all
professional practice variables, and in three of the
subscales for work satisfaction over time.
The findings indicate that innovative practice models
work in MS units, may require a longer period of time to
fully implement in ICUs, and should be studied further.
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Reflections on elder image of caregivers after death of the elder
Reflections on elder image of caregivers after death of the elder
Dominguez, Socorro Escandon
The purposes of the study were (1) to compare the caregiver's mental
image of the elder at three different points in their relationship with the elder and
(2) determine what end-of-life decisions were made by the caregiver as surrogate,
and how these decisions were discussed in order to ensure the elder's autonomy.
Quantitative analysis was used to compare scores from the Elder Image
Scale (EIS) for time 1 and time 2 taken from a previous study entitled Causal
Relationships Affecting the Quality of Family Caregiving together with scores
obtained after death (time 3 from this study). Qualitative analysis was used for
data obtained during interviews of ten informants. Thirteen theme categories were
identified from three open-ended questions.
Symbolic interactionism theory was used to describe the process used in
surrogate decision making regarding end-of-life decisions for the elder.
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The relationship of depression and self-transcendence among community-living Japanese elders
The relationship of depression and self-transcendence among community-living Japanese elders
Suzuki, Mitsuko
This study is a replication of a study originally conducted on American
elders. Since all cultures share common pathways in developing their life cycles,
the Western lifespan developmental framework was applied to Japanese elders
living in Japan. A descriptive correlational study was designed. The purpose of
this study was to investigate relationships between self-transcendence,
depression, and demographics among healthy Japanese older adults residing in
the community.
The findings from a sample of 33 elders include a significant inverse
correlation between depression and perceived health. No significant relationship
was found between the STS and CESD overall. However, significant
relationships were found between depression and three STS items: sharing
wisdom, enjoying pace of life, adjusting to present life situation. In terms of
demographics, the perception of health and size of household were the most
important correlates of Japanese elders' depression. Because of the small
sample size and measurement problems, these findings are inconclusive yet
encouraging concerning the relationship between Japanese older adults' self-transcendence
and depression.
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Symptom management effectivness in multiple sclerosis patients
Symptom management effectivness in multiple sclerosis patients
Merriman, Elisabeth Lamb
The purpose of this study was to describe perceptions of self-rated symptom
management effectiveness over time in multiple sclerosis clients living in the community.
Secondary data analysis was conducted on Lamb's (1993) study Comprehensive Case
Mana~ement for Individuals with Pro~ressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: An Experimental
Study.
The four most frequently identified symptoms were pain, mood, bladder problem and
activity level. Symptom management strategies identified to deal with reported bothersome
symptoms were grouped by similarity into 13 clusters. The symptom management strategy
clusters were discussed at two points in time with a decrease in symptom management
strategies noted at T-2.
The mean effectiveness of symptom management strategies increased slightly from
a baseline of M=2.4 to M=2.5 over time.
The secondary study clarifies the components necessary to examine more
comprehensively symptom management strategy effectiveness and establishes a basis for
further research.
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Spirituality in oncology nurses : a phenomenological study
Spirituality in oncology nurses : a phenomenological study
O'Connor, Mary Francine
This study aims to illuminate the lived experience of spirituality in practicing oncology
nurses. Definitions of spirituality, a conceptual framework for understanding spirituality in
nursing, and the purpose of the study are offered in Chapter One. Chapter Two reviews
the literature on spirituality in nursing and illustrates the lack of research on spirituality
from nurses' perspective. Concepts in the literature related to spirituality, including
intuition, miracles, and hope are reviewed. Literature on spirituality in related fields is also
reviewed. Chapter Three provides a historical perspective on phenomenology and
scrutinizes its usefulness in examining spirituality in oncology nurses. It also describes the
sample, human subjects, and the procedure used in the study. Trustworthiness, credibility,
and data analysis are also addressed. Chapter Four presents the findings of the study in
the exhaustive description and essential structure. Finally, Chapter Five presents a review
of the conceptual :framework, discussion and conclusions, implications for further
research, and clinical implications.
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Perceived insomnia, life-events and self-transcendence in middle and older adults
Perceived insomnia, life-events and self-transcendence in middle and older adults
Sabre, Linda Kay
Perceived insomnia, significant life events and self-transcendence were
investigated in 15 individuals who ranged in age from 46 to 80. Participants were
interviewed over the telephone in effort to assess their occurrence and severity of three
types of insomnia as well as the variables of self-transcendence and occurrence of
significant life events. Results indicated that 5 (33%) experienced the most severe level
of insomnia that includes difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep and early
morning awakening. Three types of significant life events were reported by the majority
of respondents: health events, career and family problems were identified as occurring
during the onset of insomnia. There was no significant relationship between selftranscendence
and insomnia, yet additional analysis identified some significant positive
relations between Self-Transcendence Scale items and types of insomnia. No
demographic variables were associated with severity to any degree of significance, yet
males had higher frequency of severity than females. Implications for better
understanding and treating insomnia in adults are discussed.
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Maternal concerns and readiness to learn during postpartum hospitalization
Maternal concerns and readiness to learn during postpartum hospitalization
Kerr, Luann Marie
The purpose of this study was to describe maternal
concerns and readiness to learn during postpartum
hospitalization. Thirty primigravidae women completed
written questionnaires to identify concerns and selfreported
readiness to learn at 4-8 and 28-32 hours after
delivery. The most frequently identified areas of moderate
or much concern related to the categories of self and baby
at both assessment times. No statistically significant
change was noted between time 1 and time 2 in regard to the
focus of maternal concern. Self-reported readiness to learn
related to the category of baby increased significantly
9
(P=.016) between the first and second assessment times. This
study helps refine earlier models of readiness to learn in
the early postpartum period.
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